The Romantics:

Nature, Beauty, Power

Index

• Selected British Romantics
• American Transcendentalists: Male
• American Transcendentalists: Female
• Emily Dickinson
• Resources on Gender and Romanticism

Selected British Romantics

William Wordsworth

• William Wordsworth Overview (Landow site)--biography and many links
• Complete poems
• Dove Cottage--take a tour of Wordsworth's home; links to Dorothy Wordsworth and their friends.
• Photos of Tintern Abbey.
• Lake District Photographs--three galleries/pages of Wordsworth's Lake District

• Tintern Abbey and comments-questions
• Wordsworth, 'Tintern Abbey'--background and study guide for "Tintern Abbey."
• Lines Written a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey --annotated copy of "Tintern Abbey."
• Tintern Abbey Commentary --very informative student project on many aspects of "Tintern Abbey."
• Theme and Subject in Wordsworth--helpful commentary on his nature themes
• 'Tintern Abbey, Tourism, and Romantic Landscape: Overview --short but helpful introduction.
• The Romantic Period --fourteen helpful questions about "Tintern Abbey" and Romantic poetry in general.
• Romanticism Overview--commentary on nature and the sublime.

• Gendered Romanticism: Wordsworth's Tintern Abbey--excerpt from scholarly study.
• Locating Wordsworth: "Tintern Abbey" and the Community with Nature--scholarly article giving a "green" reading of the poem.
• Beauty Is Truth (Romantic poetry)--good summary article in The Ecologist of the environmental attitudes of the above Romantic poets. (Alternate copy of article)
• 'Tintern Abbey' and the 'Spiritual Presence of Absent Things' --scholarly articles.
• 'Tintern Abbey': The Sister's Lost Narrative --section of Chapter Two ("Wordsworth and the Poetic Vocation") from the scholarly book Wordsworth and the Cultivation of Women.
• Subjectivity, Vocation, and Authorship in the Work of Dorothy Wordsworth--Angelino's article on the permeable borders between feminine romantic texts and those of canonical (masculine) High Romanticism.
• The Poetics of Place and Time in Wordsworth's 'Tintern Abbey' --scholarly article.
• How to Save 'Tintern Abbey' from New-Critical Pedagogy --scholarly article.
• Wordsworth and Romantic Geography--short but helpful graduate student essay.
• Female Creative Power in Lyrical Ballads--interesting graduate student essay on appropriating female creativity.

John Keats

• John Keats--biography.
• To Autumn
• Gendered Romanticism: Keats' La Belle Dame--excerpt from a scholarly study
• Darkness Audible: The Poem of Poetic Failure--Eddins' scholarly article on Keats, Coleridge, and Yeats.
• Romantic Natural History--Nichols' scholarly article on Keats and others; see especially the last half of it.
• More links on my Arthurian Traditions web page. Scroll down to Keats' name.
• Beauty Is Truth (Romantic poetry)--good summary article in The Ecologist of the environmental attitudes of the above Romantic poets. (Alternate copy of article)

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

• Coleridge Overview (Landow site)--biography and many links
• Hymn before Sunrise
• Rime of the Ancient Mariner--see also Mariner comments-questions for the poem.
• The Samuel Taylor Coleridge Archive-- a hypertext collection of Coleridge's poetry, literary theory and criticism, political commentary and journalism, science, philosophy, theology, psychology, letters, etc.
• Darkness Audible: The Poem of Poetic Failure--Eddins' scholarly article on Keats, Coleridge, and Yeats.
• Beauty Is Truth (Romantic poetry)--good summary article in The Ecologist of the environmental attitudes of the above Romantic poets. (Alternate copy of article)

Percy Bysshe Shelley

• Shelley Overview (Landow site)--biography and many links
• Mont Blanc or here; and Mont Blanc reading questions
• Humans and Nature in Mont Blanc-- short essay; photo of Mont Blanc; Alps--Wang's photos of the Mont Blanc region, with quotes from Shelley and others.
• The Masculine Sublime--excerpt from scholarly work.
• Romantic Natural History--Nichols' scholarly article on Shelley and others; see especially the last half of it.
• Beauty Is Truth (Romantic poetry)--good summary article in The Ecologist of the environmental attitudes of the above Romantic poets. (Alternate copy of article)

American Transcendentalists: Male

Ralph Waldo Emerson

• Emerson Biography (PBS).
• Nature--e-text. Alternate copy of "Nature" --with hypertext notes included.
• Snowstorm--e-text. Alternate copy of "Snowstorm"
• Days--e-text. Alternate copy of "Days"
• Hippies, Hindus, and Trancendentalists --interesting take on Emerson and Transcendentalism.
• Emerson, Divinity, and Rhetoric in Transcendentalist Nature Writing and Twentieth-Century Eco-Poetry --good article on differences between nature poetry and eco-poetry.

Henry David Thoreau

• Thoreau Biography (Ecotopia)
• The Thoreau Reader--e-texts of many Thoreau works, including Walden. Many related links also.
• Walden--e-text; this is the "web study" version.
• Webtext on the 'Ktaadn' passage from The Maine Woods--e-text ("web study" version).
• Walden Exhibit--more photos.
• Reading Walden and Walden Questions--study aids for Chapters 1-3.
• RESTORE: The North Woods--efforts to restore Thoreau's New England wilderness
• Romanticism and Green Criticism-- graduate student paper comparing Thoreau's commune of one to other social experiments in living close to nature, like Brooke Farm.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

• Henry Wadsworth Longfellow--biography.
• Snow-flakes--e-text.
• Nature (As a fond mother)--e-text.
• Catawba Wine--e-text.
• Haunted Houses--e-text.

William Cullen Bryant

• William Cullen Bryant--biography.
• Classroom Issues and Strategies --ways to approach Bryant's poetry.
• Study Texts of Four Poems-- annotated e-texts ("To a Waterfowl,"To an American Painter Departing for Europe," "The Poet," and "Thanatopsis").
• Catterskill Falls--e-text.
• To the Fringed Gentian--e-text.
• Forest Hymn--e-text.
• October--e-text.
• Intimate Friends: Thomas Cole, Asher B. Durand & William Cullen Bryant --good essay on the relationship of the Bryant and the Hudson River painters.
• Art Tours: Hudson River Valley Paintings--my web page.

John Muir

• Muir Biography (Ecotopia)
• My First Summer in the Sierras, Chap . 5 Yosemite. (NOTE: The entire book can be accessed from this web page.)
• John Muir Exhibit--biography; information about celebrating John Muir Day.

Walt Whitman

• Walt Whitman--biography.
• Leaves of Grass--e-text of the 1855 edition.
• Walt Whitman and the Development of Leaves of Grass--covers the different editions of Whitman's evolving book.
• Walt Whitman and the Earth: A Study in Ecopoetics --e-text of scholarly book on Whitman.
• Walt Whitman Archive: Criticism --links to many online articles and books on WHitman.
• Scholarly comments (excerpts) on his poems
• Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson, and the Civil War--links to various scholarly articles.
• Whitman's Memory--series of critical essays on Whitman's Civil War memories.

Thomas Wentworth Higginson

• Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Editor and Colonel--biography.
• Poems by Higginson--"The Baby Sorceress"; The Snowing of the Pines"; "The Trumpeter."
• Poems by Higginson (2)--"Changlings"; "In the Dark"; "Ghost-Flowers"; "Inheritance."
• Poems by Higginson (3)--"Ode to Butterfly"; "To Duty"; "Snowing of the Pines"; "Decoration"; "Such Stuff as Dreams Are Made of."
• Americanism in Literature--essay.
• Women and the Alphabet--e-text.
• E-Texts by Higginson--many links to magazine articles and poems. More links to Higginson e-texts and more Higginson e-texts and additional e-texts and even more e-texts.
• Emily Dickinson's Letters
• Letter to a Young Contributor--letter which may have influenced Dickinson to write to Higginson.
• from Woman and her Wishes--selection from this text by Higginson.
• If It Ain't Broke, Don't Fix It: Thomas Higginson Changing Dickinson's Words. An Interpretive Paper on "I Felt a Funeral, in My Brain"--short student paper.
• Thomas Wentworth Higginson's Negro Spirituals
• Foregrounds and Apprenticeships: Dickinson and Higginson--Dickinson's early response to Higginson's writings.

American Transcendentalists: Female

Helen Hunt Jackson

• Helen Hunt Jackson --biography and some comments on her writing.
• Selected Poems--"Doubt"; "God's Light-houses"; "Habeus Corpus"; "September."
• Poppies in the Wheat--e-text.
• A Calendar of Sonnets: Novemeber --e-text.

Margaret Fuller

• Margaret Fuller --includes many links to texts by and commentaries on Fuller.
• The Magnolia of Lake Pontchartrain --e-text.
• Leila --e-text.
• Seeress of Prevorst--e-text.
• Mariana--e-text.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

• Stanton Biography
• The Solitude of Self (speech)
• Declaration of Sentiments (Seneca Falls, 1848). (Alternate copy--click on "Historic Documents.")

Emma Lazarus

• Emma Lazarus--biography.
• Selected Poems of Emma Lazarus-- e-texts for "The Crowing of the Red Cock," "In the Jewish Synagogue at Newport," "The New Colossus," and "The New Ezekiel."
• The New Colossus--"Statue of Liberty" poem and commentary.
• Poems--many poems; see especially "The Colossus" and "Assurance." Also of interest are her many sonnets to musicians Chopin and Shubert.
• Collection of Poems--many poems

The Temptations of Emily Dickinson

Dickinson Biographies

• Emily Dickinson--short biography and 14 poems.
• The Dickinson Homestead--see ED's home and the Evergreens next door
• Dickinson Biography--with internal links to some of her poems
• Biography and 3 poems--"Wild Nights"; "Her breast is fit"; "Her sweet weight"
• Open Me Carefully --Chapter 1 on the relationship of Emily and her sister-in-law Sue.

Dickinson E-texts and Criticism

• Poems by Emily Dickinson--alphabetized poems (by first line) from the 1955 Johnson edition.
• Complete Dickinson Poems--poems from the 1955 Johnson edition arranged by number; click on the poem number
• Guidelines for Reading Dickinson's Poetry--basic but helpful questions to apply to any Dickinson poem.
• Dickinson's famous letters to Higginson
• Excerpts from criticism--very helpful scholarly readings of key poems
• Critical Perspectives on Selected Poems by Emily Dickinson--annotated bibliography of Dickinson criticism.

Other Dickinson Resources

• The Emily Dickinson International Society--many links
• The Emily Dickinson Journal, Vol. 16 --sample issue online (4 scholarly articles, 2 book reviews).
• Dickinson Electronic Archives--many articles and resources.
• Foregrounds and Apprenticeships.
• Emily Dickinson Lexicon.
• Isaac Watts & Emily Dickinson: Inherited Meter.
• Unfastening the Fascicles --four scholarly essays on Dickinson's fascicles.

Resources on Gender and Romanticism

• Gender and Nature Criticism--excerpts from scholarly studies
• Art Tours: Hudson River Valley Paintings--my web page.
• Voice of the Shuttle English Literature: The Romantics--comprehensive listing of resources, general and for specifice authors.
• Romantic Circles Web Site--a large, ongoing scholarly site on Romantic literature and culture.
• Romantic Literary Resources--helpful index of resources (Jack Lynch site).

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Painting left margin: Narcissus by John W. Waterhouse

Background graphics by Dana Lea's Graphics