Engl. 772-35 Period in Literature:
American Realism

Authors

Ambrose Bierce

Texts

• An Occurence at Owl Creek Bridge--e-text.
• Chickamauga --e-text.

Biography

• Bierce Biography

Scholarly Articles

• "Something Uncanny": The Dream Structure in Ambrose Bierce's "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" --scholarly article.
• Focalization in Ambrose Bierce's "Chickamauga" --scholarly article.
• The Subversion of Justice : Human Ignorance and Corruption in the Civil War Stories of Ambrose Bierce's "In the Midst of Life"--scholarly article.

George Washington Cable

Texts

• Belles Demoiselles Plantation--e-text.
• Old Creole Days--links to the eight-story collection, including "Belles Damoiselles Plantation."
• Sieur George--e-text.
• Jean-Ah Poquelin--e-text.

Biography/Study Aids

• Cable Biography.
• George Washington Cable--study guide.

Abraham Cahan

Texts

• Yekl: A Tale of the New York Ghetto--e-text.
• The Imported Bridegroom and Other Stories--collection of five Jewish immigrant stories.
• The Russian Jew in America)--Atlantic Monthly article

Biography

• Cahan Biography

Scholarly Articles

• Literary Migration: Abraham Cahan's 'The Imported Bridegroom' and the Alternative of American Fiction --major excerpt from a scholarly article.
• Joke-Making Jews, Jokes Making Jews: Humor and Identity in Abraham Cahan’s Yekl --scholarly article.

Charles Chesnutt

Texts

• The Wife of his Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line --e-texts of nine stories
• Chesnutt Links--more e-texts (novels and stories)
• The Goophered Grapevine--etext
• The Conjure Woman--e-text.

Biography/Study Aids

• Chesnutt Biography
• Voodoo--short summary of conjure.
• The Lessons in "Po' Sandy"--excerpt from an essay on white frame narrative and black authority
• Parallel Studies of American/Afro-American Literature--teaching unit; plantation tradition (Harris and Cable) subverted by Chestnutt in Conjure Woman; also covers Dunbar, Toomer, and Wright.

Scholarly Articles

• Romance and Riot: Charles Chesnutt, the Romantic South, and the Conventions of Extralegal Violence--scholarly article.
• Earth-eating, Addiction, Nostalgia: Charles Chesnutt's Diasporic Regionalism--scholarly article.
• A Mind Enslaved?: The Interaction of Metaphor, Cognitive Distance, and Narrative Framing in Chesnutt's 'Dave's Neckliss'"--scholarly article.
• Charles Chesnutt's "The Dumb Witness" and the Culture of Segregation--scholarly article.
• Focalization as Education: The Race Relation Optimism of the Narrator of Charles Chesnutt's The Marrow of Tradition --scholarly article.
• Other Nature: Resistance to Ecological Hegemony in Charles W. Chesnutt's The Conjure Woman--scholarly article.
• Charles W. Chesnutt and the Fictions of Race--book review.
• Who Owns the Whip?: Chesnutt, Tourgee, and Reconstruction Justice--Hardwig's scholarly article.
• Neither Fish, Flesh, Nor Fowl: Race and Region in the Writings of Chesnutt --Fleischmann's scholarly article.
• The Mirror and the Veil: The Passing Novel and the Quest for American Racial Identity--Sheehy's scholarly article.
• Keeping an "Old Wound" Alive: 'The Marrow of Tradition' and the Legacy of Wilmington--Roe's scholarly article.
• Who has the right to say? Charles W. Chesnutt, Whiteness, and the Public Sphere--scholarly article.
• "The curious psychological spectacle of a mind enslaved": Charles W. Chesnutt and Dialect Fiction--scholarly article.
• Racial and Textual Miscegenation in Chesnutt's 'The House Behind the Cedars'--scholarly article.
• Recovering the Conjure Woman: Texts and Contexts in Gloria Naylor's 'Mama Day'--scholarly article.
• 'I will gladly share with them my richer heritage': Schoolteachers in Frances E. W. Harper's Iola Leroy and Charles Chesnutt's Mandy Oxendine--scholarly article.
• "The Curious Psychological Spectacle of a Mind Enslaved": Charles W. Chesnutt and Dialect Fiction--scholarly article.
• Catalyst: Charles W. Chesnutt’s “The Bouquet"--scholarly article.

Kate Chopin

Texts

• The Awakening --e-texts.
• Bayou Folks--e-text
• A Night in Acadie--e-text
• Chopin Novels/stories--e-texts.
• At the 'Cadian Ball and The Storm [A Sequel to "At the 'Cadian Ball"].

Biography/Study Aids/Student Papers

• Domestic Goddesses: Chopin biography--also good link to essays/articles on Chopin's novel (scroll down to her name).
• Chopin Links--biography, writings by and about Chopin.
• Sunset Grand Isle, LA, A visit to the setting of The Awakening -- some observations by the "Literary Traveler."
• Footprints in Cloutierville--again, Chopin settings by the "Literary Traveler."
• Chopin Enhancements--more contexts at this LPB site
• Whitman's 'Song of Myself'--see Canto 11 (Twenty-eight young men . . .).

Student Essays

• Kate Chopin's Gender-Awakening--graduate student paper on The Awakening
• Deviating from the Norm . . . in The Awakening--interesting graduate student paper that gives a positive reading of Edna's choices.
• Romanticism, Realism, Naturalism, and Local Color: The Literary Context of The Awakening--graduate student summary of the literary movements related to Chopin's writing.
• Ways of Interpreting Edna's Suicide: Controversies over Ending --graduate student summaries.
• Reconciling Edna's Suicide and the Criticism Surrounding Chopin's The Awakening --student paper.

Scholarly Articles on The Awakening

• Chopin's Bildungsroman: Male Role Models in The Awakening--scholarly article.
• "Abysses of Solitude": Chopin's Intertextuality with Flaubert--scholarly article.
• Unbearable Realism: Freedom, Ethics and Identity in The Awakening--scholarly article.
• "Into Realms of the Semi-celestials": From Mortal to Mythic in The Awakening--scholarly article.
• The Enigma at the Keyboard: Chopin's Mademoiselle Reisz--scholarly article.
• Dangerous Spending Habits: The Epistemology of Edna Pontellier's Extravagant Expenditures in The Awakening --scholarly article.
• Surviving Edna: A Reading of the Ending of The Awakening-- review of scholarly article by Robert Treu.
• "Abysses of Solitude": Acting Naturally in 'Vogue' and 'The Awakening'--scholarly article.
• Kate Chopin on the Nature of Things --scholarly article.
• Depression and Chopin's The Awakening--scholarly article.
• 'The Awakening': Struggles toward l'ecriture feminine--scholarly article.
• Poe and 'The Awakening' --scholarly article.
• Art is an unnatural act: Mademoiselle Reisz in 'The Awakening'--scholarly article.
• Kate Chopin's Ecofeminism--scholarly conference paper.
• The Awakening: The Critical Reception--scholarly essay; some comments also on Edna as "New Woman"
• Kate Chopin as Feminist: Subverting the French Androcentric Influence--scholarly essay on Chopin rewriting Maupassant
• Anticipations of Modernism and Negotiations of Gender in The Awakening--scholarly paper
• The Awakened One:  A Buddhist Reading of The Awakening--scholarly and positive reading of the  ending.

Scholarly Articles on Chopin's Short Fiction

• A Matter of Behavior: A Semantic Analysis of Five Kate Chopin Stories--scholarly article.
• Lesbian and Heterosexual Duality in Kate Chopin's "Lilacs"--scholarly article.
• Kate Chopin's "Cavanelle" and The American Jewess: An Impressive Synergy--scholarly article.
• Kate Chopin's 'A Pair of Silk Stockings': The Marital Burden and the Lure of Consumerism --scholarly article.
• Perversely Reading Kate Chopin's 'Fedora'--scholarly article.
• Multi-cultural Aesthetic in Kate Chopin's 'A Gentleman of Bayou Teche'--scholarly article.
• Uncanny Burials: Post-Civil War Memories in Chopin and Bierce --scholarly article.
• Kate Chopin's "Lilacs" and the Story of the Annunciation--scholarly article on the story.
• Foucault Informs Kate Chopin's Short Fiction--scholarly article on "The Storm" and "Desiree's Baby.
• The Role of Implicatures in Kate Chopin’s Louisiana Short Stories--scholarly article.

Stephen Crane

Texts

• Maggie: A Girl of the Streets--e-text.
• Red Badge of Courage--e-text.
• An Experiment in Misery (2)--e-texts.
• The Men in the Storm; or The Men in the Storm(2)--e-texts.
• In the Depths of a Coal Mine--e-text

Biography

• The Stephen Crane Society --many links to biography and e-texts.

Study Aids

• War Beyond Romance (Yale)--lesson plan with good comments on Red Badge of Courage
• Red Badge: Critical Reception--how his contemporaries responded to the novel.
• The Battle:  Chancellorsville--helpful background for Red Badge.
• Imaging the Civil War: Authenticity in Painting, Photography, and The Red Badge of Courage --very informative study.
• First Crane Lecture and Second Crane Lecture--on Red Badge of Courage.

Scholarly Articles

• Gendered Space, Racialized Space: Nativism, the Immigrant Woman and Stephen Crane's 'Maggie'--scholarly article.
• A Sample Contrastive Analysis of "The Blue Hotel" by Stephen Crane and "The Nigger of the 'Narcissus'" by Joseph Conrad--scholarly article.
• Theatricality, Melodrama and Irony in Stephen Crane’s Short Fiction--scholarly article on several of Crane's shorter fictions.
• A General Semantics Approach to The Red Badge of Courage--scholarly articles.
• Sartor Resartus Revisited: Carlylean Echoes in Crane's The Red Badge of Courage--scholarly article.
• The Red Badge of Courage: Criticism and Commentary--detailed summary of different editions of the novel and in trends in criticism up to the present.
• The Red Badge of Courage and the Existential Nature of Combat--scholarly article.

Rebecca Harding Davis

Texts

• Life in the Iron-Mills--e-text.
• Out of the Sea--e-text.
• The Wife's Story --e-text.
• Margret Howth: A Story of To-Day--e-text.
• Anne--e-text.
• Blind Tom--e-text.

Biography/Study Aids

• Rebecca Harding Davis--links to biographies, commentary, and her writings on-line
• Peculiarities of American Cities: Pittsburg--read about the pollution in a real coal-mining/ironworks city.

Scholarly Articles

• Discovering Some New Race": Rebecca Harding Davis's "Life in the Iron Mills" and the Literary Emergence of Worhng-Class Whiteness--scholarly article.
• Direct Addresses, Narrative Authority, and Gender in Rebecca Harding Davis's 'Life in the Iron Mills'--scholarly article.
• Slaveries "In the Borders": Rebecca Harding Davis's "Life in the Iron Mills" in Its Southern Context --scholarly article.

Theodore Dreiser

Texts

• Sister Carrie; or Sister Carrie (2)--e-texts

Biography/Study Aids

• Dreiser Biography
• Links to many resources
• Issues and Strategies--comments on "Typhoon."
• Haunted Chicago--short introduction on Chicago prostitution
• Melodrama and Theater in Dreiser's Sister Carrie--several links on related materials.
• Sister Carrie: 'A Strangely Strong Novel in a Queer Milieu'--detailed history of the novel's creation and publication.
• Where All the Trains Ran: Chicago--the real Chicago and Sister Carrie's literary Chicago.

Scholarly Articles

• Consuming Brotherhood: Men's Culture, Style and Recreation as Consumer Culture, 1880-1930--Swiencicki's scholarly article.
• "True Art Speaks Plainly": Theodore Dreiser and the Late Nineteenth-Century American Debate over Realism and Naturalism--scholarly article.
• Cultural and Historical Contexts for Sister Carrie--scholarly article.
• The Composition and Publication of Sister Carrie--scholarly article.
• Dreiser and Sister Carrie's Kingdom of Greatness--scholarly article.
• What More Can Carrie Want? Naturalistic Ways of Consuming Women--scholarly article.
• Carrie's Blues--scholarly article.
• Vicious Binaries: Gender and Authorial Paranoia in Dreiser's "Second Choice," Howells' "Editha," and Hemingway's "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber"--scholarly article.

W.E.B. DuBois

Texts

• The Souls of Black Folk--e-text
• Strivings of the Negro People  (alternate copy of Strivings)--Chap. 1 of Souls of Black Folk, originally published in the Atlantic Monthly.
• The Comet--e-text; story (Chap. VIII, Darkwater).
• DuBois writings--e-texts.  More Dubois writings (2)

Biography and Teaching Aid

• A Timeless Legacy: Celebrating 100 Years of W.E.B. Du Bois' The Souls of Black Folk - A Salute To Black History Month--excellent biography, including DuBois disagreement with Booker T. Washington's ideas.
• DuBois Biography--plus related links on DuBois.
• The Souls of Black folk--A Teachable Moment--review.

Scholarly Articles

• The Prophetic and Pragmatic Philosophy of 'Race' in W. E. B. DuBois's 'The Comet'--short scholarly article.
• Hearts and Souls: The Strange Education of DuBois--good analysis of key ideas in DuBois's writings and of the "anti-racist racism" of the Black mythology constructed by DuBois. Click Next Page (bottom of page) to read the second page.
• The Mirror and the Veil: The Passing Novel and the Quest for American Racial Identity.--Sheehy's scholarly article.
• How the socialism of W. E. B. Du Bois Still Matters: Black Socialism in The Quest of the Silver Fleece--and Beyond--scholarly article.
• Du Bois the Novelist: White Influence, Black Spirit, and The Quest of the Silver Fleece--Lee's scholarly article.
• "Looking at One's Self Through the Eyes of Others": W. E. B. Du Bois's Photographs for the 1900 Paris Exposition--Smith's scholarly article.
• There is Heterosexuality: Jessie Fauset, W. E. B. Du Bois, and the Problem of Desire--scholarly article.
• Paradoxes of the South in Du Bois's 'The Souls of Black Folk'--scholarly article.
• The Question of Color-blind Citizenship: Albion Tourgee, W.E.B. Du Bois and the Principles of the Niagara Movement--scholarly article.
• W. E. B. Du Bois vs. "the Sons of the Fathers": A Reading of The Souls of Black Folk in the Context of American Nationalism--Velikova's scholarly article.
• "A Calamity Almost Beyond Comprehension": Nazi Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust in the Thought of W. E. B. Du Bois--scholarly article.
• "Like a violin for the wind to play": Lyrical Approaches to Lynching by Hughes, Du Bois, and Toomer--scholarly articles.

Paul Laurence Dunbar

Texts

• Lyrics of Lowly Life and When Malindy Sings--e-texts
• We Wear the Mask--e-text.
• Sympathy (I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings)--e-text.

Biography/Study Aids

• Paul Lawrence Dunbar Website--biography, collections, photos, etc.

Scholarly Articles

• "We are not in the old days now": Paul Laurence Dunbar and the Problem of Sympathy--scholarly article.
• The City as Refuge: Constructing Urban Blackness in Paul Laurence Dunbar's The Sport of the Gods and James Weldon Johnson's The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man--scholarly article.
• Factoring out Race: The Cultural Context of Paul Laurence Dunbar--scholarly article.
• Paul Laurence Dunbar and the Project of Cultural Reconstruction--scholarly article.
• "When he is least himself": Dunbar and Double Consciousness in African American Poetry--scholarly article.
• Paul Laurence Dunbar and Turn-into-the-20th-Century African American Dualism--scholarly article.
• Paul Laurence Dunbar's Performances and the Epistolary Dialect Poem--scholarly article.
• Paul Laurence Dunbar and the African American Elegy--scholarly article.
• Paul Laurence Dunbar and the Genres of Dialect--scholarly article.
• "When Dey 'Listed Colored Soldiers": Paul Laurence Dunbar's Poetic Engagement with the Civil War, Masculinity, and Violence--scholarly article.
• The Politics of Incongruity in Paul Laurence Dunbar's 'The Fanatics'--scholarly article.
• Second-generation Realist; or, Dunbar the Naturalist--scholarly article.
• Dunbar, Douglass, Milton: Authorial Agon and the Integrated Canon--scholarly article.
• Paul Laurence Dunbar and the Marshall Circle: Racial Representation from Blackface to Black Naturalism--scholarly article.
• Dunbar and the Science of Lynching--scholarly article.
• Dunbar's Children--scholarly article.
• Scholarly Excerpts about Dunbar's poetry; biography included
• That Old Time Religion: Christian Faith in Dunbar's "The Strength of Gideon"--scholarly article.

Alice Dunbar-Nelson

Texts

• Violets and Other Tales--e-texts
• The Goodness of St. Rocque and Other Stories--e-texts, including "Sister Josepha."
• The Stones of the Village--e-text.
• I Sit and Sew--e-text.
• To Madame Curie--e-text.
• Mine Eyes Have Seen--one-act play.

Biography/Study Aids

• Two Biographies.
• Alice Dunbar-Nelson--Heath study guide

Scholarly Articles

• Criticism on 'I Sit & Sew'--scholarly excerpts.
• The Force, the Fire and the Artistic Touch of Alice Dunbar-Nelson’s “The Stones of the Village"--scholarly article.

Charles Alexander Eastman

Texts

• Old Indian Days; The Soul of an Indian; Indian Boyhood--e-texts
• The Madness of Bald Eagle--e-text story
• Ohiyesa (Charles Eastman)--introduction to and e-text of Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains
• From the Deep Woods to Civilization: Chapters in the Autobiography of an Indian--scroll down to Chapter VII: The Ghost Dance War, pp. 92-115.

Biography/Study Aids

• Eastman Biography
• Wounded Knee Massacre--background information; several good links at bottom of the page.

Sui Sin Far (Edith Maud Eaton)

Texts

• In the Land of the Free--scroll down the page about half way for a copy of this story beginning on page 161. Alternate copy of In the Land of the Free (2)--e-text begins on page 248.
• A Chinese Ishmael--e-text
• A Love Story from the Rice Field s of China--e-text
• The Bird of Love--e-text

Biography/Study Aids

• Biography
• Sui Sin Far links
• The Immigrant Eye--essay on Sui Sin Far and other immigrant writers.

Scholarly Articles

• Situating the Essential Alien: Sui Sin Far’s Depiction of Chinese-White Marriage and the Exclusionary Logic of Citizenship--scholarly article.
• A Revolution in Ink: Sui Sin Far and Chinese Reform Discourse--scholarly article.
• Asian Object Lessons: Orientalist Decoration in Realist Aesthetics from William Dean Howells to Sui Sin Far--scholarly article.

Mary Wilkins Freeman

Texts

• The Revolt of "Mother" --e-text
• A Poetess--e-text
• Mary Wilkins Freeman--links to all her short stories.
• Mary E. Wilkins-Freeman: Domestic Darkness--brief summary of Freeman's ghost tales.

Biography

• Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman --biography.

Scholarly Articles

• “A Veritable Guest to Her Own Self”: Mary Wilkins Freeman's Humorous Short Stories--scholarly article.
• The Haunting Will: The Ghost Stories of Mary Wilkins Freeman--scholarly article.
• Mary E. Wilkins Freeman's Two New England Nuns--scholarly article.
• The No-Man's-Land of "A New England Nun"--scholarly article.
• Renaming the World: Freeman's "Revolt of Mother"--scholarly article.
• "In the Humble Fashion of a Scripture Woman": The Bible as Besieging Tool in Freeman's "The Revolt of 'Mother'"--scholarly article.
• Literary Interiors, Cherished Things, and Feminine Subjectivity in the Gilded Age--scholarly article covering Stowe, Jewett, and Freeman.

Hamlin Garland

Texts

• Under the Lion's Paw--e-text
• The Return of a Private--e-text

Biography/Study Aids

• Garland's Literary Creed--realism/veritism and impressionism defined
• "Under the Lion's Paw": Single-Tax Land Reform and Agrarian America in Virgin Land--short but helpful article.
• Who Is Hamlin Garland?--biography
• Garland Resources--many links.

Scholarly Articles

• Gender and the Family Labor System: Defining Work in the Rural Midwest--scholarly article.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman

Texts

• Yellow Wallpaper--e-text.
• Why I Wrote "The Yellow Wallpaper"--e-text of Gilman article.
• Herland--e-text
• Suffrage Songs and Verses--by Gilman

Biography/Study Aids

• Gilman links
• Student Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper
• Gilman biography/criticism--includes links (scroll down the page) to five scholarly papers on "The Yellow Wallpaper."
• Feminist Gothic in "The Yellow Wallpaper"--model student paper.
• The Yellow Panopticon--excellent essay.

Scholarly Articles

• The Yellow Wallpaper: A Poetics of the Inside--scholarly paper.
• The Awakening and The Yellow Wallpaper: An Intertextual Comparison of the "Conventional" Connotations of Marriage and Propriety--scholarly paper.
• Love and Economics: Charlotte Perkins Gilman on "The Woman Question"--scholarly article.
• Behind the "barred windows": The Imprisonment of Women's Bodies and Minds in Nineteenth-Century America--scholarly article.
• Feminism in Herland--scholarly paper
• The Feminization of Education--scholarly article; briefly mentions Herland
• Herland Revisited: Narratives of Motherhood, Domesticity, and Physical Emancipation in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Feminist Utopia --scholarly article.
• Women's Worlds in the Novels of Kandukuri and Gilman--scholarly article.
• From Herland to Outland: Changing Anatomies of Gender Dystopia--scholarly articles.

Joel Chandler Harris

Texts

• Free Joe, and Other Georgian Sketches--e-text
• Uncle Remus--tales, illustrations; links to other writings, and to biography.

Biography/Study Aids

• Remembering Remus--excellent discussion of background of and controversies about Uncle Remus and his Disney cartoon descendents
• Heath Study Guide--issues in teaching Harris
• Parallel Studies of American/Afro-American Literature--teaching unit; plantation tradition (Harris and Cable) to modern naturalistic fiction (Wright and dos Passos).

Scholarly Articles

• Geographic Context and Ethnic Context: Joel Chandler Harris and Alice Walker--scholarly article.
• Black Father: The Subversive Achievement of Joel Chandler Harris--scholarly article.
• The First Meeting of Thomas Nelson Page and Joel Chandler Harris--scholarly article.
• Plutarch's 'Life of Alexander' and Joel Chandler Harris's Story of "Brother Rabbit, Brother Fox and Two Fat Pullets"--scholarly article.

Bret Harte

Texts

• Three stories--e-texts for "Luck of Roaring Camp"; "Outcasts of Poker Flats"; "Idyll of Red Gulch"

Biography

• Harte biography

Scholarly Articles

• The Feminization of Roaring Camp: Bret Harte and The American Woman's Home--short scholarly article.

Pauline Hopkins

Texts

• Contending Forces: A Romance Illustrative of North and South (1900)--complete text of novel online. Alternate copy: Contending Forces [no frames].

Biography/Study Aids

• Hopkins Biography

Scholarly Articles

• Virtue, Housekeeping, and Domestic Space in Contending Forces--Wolf's scholarly essay.
• Pauline Hopkins and the End of Incest--scholarly article.
• "Whose will be done?: Self-determination in Pauline Hopkins's 'Hagar's Daughter'--scholarly article.
• "Everything we hoped she'd be": Contending Forces in Hopkins' scholarship--scholarly article.
• "Raising the stigma": Black Womanhood and the Marked Body in Pauline Hopkins's Contending Forces--scholarly article.
• Rumors of Grace: White Masculinity in Pauline Hopkins's Contending Forces--scholarly article.
• Pauline Hopkins's Of One Blood, Africa, and the "Darwinist trap"--scholarly article.
• "So strangely interwoven": The Property of Inheritance, Race, and Sexual Morality in Pauline E. Hopkins's Contending Forces--scholarly article.
• Reading Racial Difference in Heliodorus's 'Ethiopica' and Hopkins's Of One Blood--scholarly article.
• Hysteria and Trauma in Pauline Hopkins' 'Of One Blood, Or, the Hidden Self'--Horvitz's scholarly article.
• "Kin' o'rough jestice fer a parson": Pauline Hopkins's 'Winona' and the Politics of Reconstructing History--scholarly article.

William Dean Howells

Texts

• The Rise of Silas Lapham--e-text
• East-side Ramble --e-text (in Atlantic Monthly)
• Editha--e-text
  
  

Biography

• Howells Biography--with some comments on his novels
• Links to Howells' writings
• An Epitapher of Literary Ghosts: William Dean Howells Secured the Reputations of Others, But Not His Own--book review.

Scholarly Articles

• New York, New York--scholarly article on Wharton's Age of Innocence and Howell's Hazard of Fortunes
• The Flaneur in New York: The Aesthetics and Ethics of Urban Perception in Hazard of New Fortunes--scholarly article on urban spectatorship
• William Dean Howells's America and What Went Wrong--scholarly article.
• Racial Hysteria: Female Pathology and Race Politics in France Harper's 'Iola Leroy' and W.D. Howells's 'An Imperative Duty'--scholarly article.
• Vicious Binaries: Gender and Authorial Paranoia in Dreiser's "Second Choice," Howells' "Editha," and Hemingway's "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber"--scholarly article.

Henry James

Texts

• Daisy Miller --e-text.
• The Beast in the Jungle--e-text.
• The Real Thing--e-text.
• The Turn of the Screw --e-texts
• The Art of Fiction --e-text of famous essay by James

BiographyStudy Aids

• Henry James links--very thorough.
• Henry James Scholar's Guide to Website--another set of comprehensive links to texts by and about James.
• Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France--book excerpt; scroll down the page to "The 'New Woman' lands in France"--includes the Daisy Miller "new woman" as tourist.
• Take a Daisy Miller European Tour (click on these pictures and links):

• Hotel des Trois Couronnes and View of Lake Geneva, from Vevey quai--where Daisy and Winterbourne meet.
• Chillon (Switzerland)--tour the Chateau de Chillon like Daisy and Winterbourne did.
• View from Pincio Hill (Rome)--where Daisy and Giovanelli go walking. That's Piazza del Popolo below and St. Peter's Bascilica on the horizon.
• Colosseum (image: exterior by night); Colosseum (2) (1890 view); Roman Colosseum (many images)
• Protestant Cemetary (Rome)--where Daisy is buried.

• Sparknotes on Daisy Miller--commentary on the novella
• ClassicNotes on Daisy Miller--commentary on the novella
• Heath Guide on James--teaching considerations for "Beast in the Jungle" and "Daisy Miller."
• Henry James' A Beast In the Jungle Analysis: A Proper Perspective --helpful essay.
• Marcher’s Merger—Avoiding Catastrophe in Henry James’s "The Beast in the Jungle" --helpful essay.
• A Portrait of Characters in Henry James'The Beast in the Jungle'

Scholarly Articles

• Embedded Narratives of Science and Culture in James's 'Daisy Miller'--scholarly article.
• The Play of Surface: Theater and The Turn of the Screw--scholarly article.
• The Remembered Future: Neuro-cognitive Identity in Henry James's The Turn of the Screw--scholarly article.
• Implied Stories: Implication, Moral Panic and The Turn of the Screw--scholarly article.
• Hesitating Readers: When 'The Turn of the Screw' Meets Disgrace in the Classroom--scholarly article.
• Foreignness and the Alter Ego in Henry James's "The Jolly Corner"--scholarly article.
• Professor Fargo (1874) : Henry James’s Spirit-Rapper and Body-Snatcher--scholarly article.
• The 'L' Word in Henry James' Fiction--scholarly article.
• The Emasculation of Henry James--scholarly article.
• Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises and Jame's The Ambassadors--scholarly article.
• Ghosts in the Window in The Ambassadors--scholarly article; scroll down the page.
• Corpus Stylistics, Stylometry, and the Styles of Henry James--scholarly article.
• Henry James' Paradoxical Bowl: The Reinstatement of Doubt in Fin-de-siecle America--Guerra's scholarly article.
• Pushkin in the Aspern Papers--scholarly article; scroll down the page.
• Jeffrey Aspern and Edgar Allan Poe: A Speculation--scholarly article on the "Aspern Papers."
• Henry James's Europe: Heritage and Transfer--collection of 24 articles on James. Scroll down to the Contents page and click on the desired article title.
• Aurora Leigh and the Portrait of a Lady: A Panorama of Art, Sexuality, and Marriage--scholarly article.

Sarah Orne Jewett

Texts

• The Country of the Pointed Firs--e-text; 24-chapter version
• Country of the Pointed Firs--e-text; 21-chapter version.
• Tales of New England--e-text; includes "The White Heron"
• The White Heron--e-text; includes photo of heron;
• Works of Sarah Orne Jewett

Biography/Study Aids

• Jewett Biography

Scholarly Articles

• Delinquent Housekeeping: Transforming the Regulations of Keeping House --scholarly article on Jewett's Deephaven and Marilynne Robinson's Housekeeping.
• Visions of time in 'The Country of Pointed Firs' --scholarly article.
• Links of Similitude: The Narrator of The Country of the Pointed Firs Author-Reader Relations at the End of the Nineteenth Century --scholarly article.
• A Revisitation of Transcendentalism within Country Firs--scholarly paper
• "All that lay deepest in her heart": Reflections on Jewett, Gender, and Genre--scholarly article.
• Jewett on Race, Class, Ethnicity, and Imperialism: A Reply to Her Critics--scholarly article on Pointed Firs.
• The Rhetoric of Communion in Jewett's "A White Heron"--scholarly article.
• Sylvia as Hero in Sarah Orne Jewett's "A White Heron"--scholarly article.
• Consciousness and Communication in Jewett’s The Country of the Pointed Firs--scholarly article.
• Victorians and the Matriarchal Mythology: A Source for Mrs. Todd--scholarly article.
• Jewett's "Pointed Firs": An "Index Finger" to Character Development and Unity of Vision in The Country of the Pointed Firs--scholarly article.
• Narrative Mediation in Sarah Orne Jewett's The Country of the Pointed Firs--scholarly article.
• Rebirth of the Seafarer: Sarah Orne Jewett's The Country of the Pointed Firs--scholarly article.
• The Outer Island Sequence in Pointed Firs--scholarly article.
• Nature and the Circles of Initiation in The Country of the Pointed Firs--scholarly articles.
• The Country of the Pointed Firs: A Pastoral of Innocence--scholarly article.
• The Country of the Pointed Firs: A Novel by Saran Orne Jewett--scholarly article.

Frank Norris

Texts

• McTeague--e-text
• After Strange Gods--e-text
• Thoroughbred--e-text
• A Deal in Wheat--e-text

Biography/Study Aids

• Norris Links.

Scholarly Articles

• Inside and Outside the Ring: Manhood, Race, and Art in American Literary Naturalism--scholarly article.
• McTeague's Gilded Prison--scholarly article.
• Allegory in the Major Fiction of Frank Norris--scholarly article.

Thomas Nelson Page

Texts

• Marse Chan: A Tale of Old Virgina--e-text
• In Ole Virginia or Marse Chan and Other Stories--e-texts.

Biography/Scholarly Articles

• Biography.
• "Prodjickin', or mekin' a present to yo' fam'ly": Rereading Empowerment in Thomas Nelson Page's Frame Narratives--scholarly article.
• The First Meeting of Thomas Nelson Page and Joel Chandler Harris--scholarly article.
• Marriage Plots and National Reunion: The Trope of Romantic Reconciliation in Postbellum Literature--scholarly article on Chesnutt, DeForest, and Page

Elizabeth Stuart Phelps

Texts

• The Tenth of January--e-text.
• The Silent Partner--e-text.
• The Story of Avis--e-text.
• Doctor Zay--e-text.
• The Lady of Shalott--e-text.
• The Christmas of Sir Galahad--e-text.
• The True Story of Guenever--e-text.

Biography/Study Aids

• Study Aid

Scholarly Articles

• The Literary Fate of the Woman Artist--Nestvold's conference paper on Avis.
• "The facts which go to form this fiction": Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's The Silent Partner and the Massachusetts Bureau of Labor Statistics Reports--scholarly article.

Jacob Riis

Texts

• How the Other Half Lives (2)--e-texts
• Riis's Photos of the slums--click on the framed thumbnails
• The Battle of the Slum--e-text

Biography/Study Aids

• Riis Biography--Riis as photographer.
• Jacob Riis's Reform Photography--some comments on Riis' photography.
• Analysis of Riis Photographs

Scholarly Articles

• Jacob Riis and Double Consciousness: The Documentary/Ethnic "I" in How the Other Half Lives--scholarly article.

Upton Sinclair

Texts

• The Jungle--e-texts

Biography

• Sinclair Biography.

Scholarly Articles

• "It ain't your color, it's your scabbing": Literary Depictions of African American Strikebreakers--scholarly articles.
• Henry George, Frederick Jackson Turner, and the "Closing" of the American Frontier--scholarly article.

Frederick Jackson Turner

Texts

• The Significance of the Frontier in American History, 1893--e-text of Turner's famous "frontier thesis."
• The Frontier in American History--complete e-text

Biography/Study Aids

• Frederick Jackson Turner--brief biography and helpful discussion of some key aspects of Turner's thesis.

Scholarly Articles

• Beating a Dead Horse?: The Continuing Presence of Frederick Jackson Turner in Environmental and Western History--scholarly article.
• Reclaiming the Frontier: Oscar Micheaux as Black Turnerian--scholarly article.

Mark Twain

Texts

• Huckleberry Finn--e-text, illustrations, and related items.
• Tom Sawyer--e-text, illustrations, and related items.
• Roughing It (2)--e-text, illustrations, contexts.
• Roughing It. See especially Chapter IX; Chapter X; and Chapter XI--e-text chapters about the Rocky Mountain desperado named Slade.
• Life on the Mississippi--e-text
• Puddn'head Wilson--e-text, illustrations, contexts.
• The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg --e-text

Biography/Study Aids

• Sam Clemens as Mark Twain--the construction of his public image.
• Mark Twain on Stage
• Marketing Twain
• King Arthur's Court in MT's America--Twain's response to Sir Walter Scott's Ivanhoe
• Sources and Pretexts for Huck Finn--excellent links, including to Black Minstelsy.
• Race and Controversy in Huck Finn --a number of links to articles discussing various aspects of the race controversy in this novel.
• Huck Finn Teacher's Guide--excellent resource on how to approach the race issue in Huck Finn. Many helpful links, although a few do not work.
• Pudd'nhead Wilson: Study Guide.
• Pudd'nhead Wilson: Major Themes.

Scholarly Articles

• Huck, Twain, and the Freedman's Shackles: Struggling with Huckleberry Finn Today--scholarly article on the race controversy over this novel.
• The Dis-closure of Huckleberry Finn. Natura Naturata vs. Lumen Naturale, Ligthing out vs. Lichtung--scholarly article.
• The Poetics of Interruption in Mark Twain's 'Roughing It'--scholarly article.
• Realism, Romanticism, and Politics in Mark Twain--scholarly article.
• Through a Glass Eye, Darkly: The Skeptic Design of 'Life on the Mississippi'--scholarly article.
• The Jim Dilemma: Reading Race in Huckleberry Finn--scholarly article.
• De Same ole Huck--America's Speculum Meditantis--scholary article.
• Was Huck Black? Mark Twain and African-American Voices--scholarly article.
• The Frontier and Industrialization in the Democratic State: Nineteenth-century Socio-political and Cultural Orders in Twain's "Old Times on the Mississippi"--scholarly article.
• Mark Twain's Cross-dressing Oeuvre--scholarly article.
• Say it again, Sam[bo]: Race and Speech in Huckleberry Finn and Casablanca--scholarly article.
• Reinventing the World and Reinventing the Self in Huck Finn--scholarly article.

Thorstein Veblen

Texts

• The Theory of the Leisure Class; or Theory of the Leisure Class--e-texts; links to all the chapters.

Biography/Study Aids

• Biography
• Veblen, Torstein Bunde--comments on Veblen's satiric methods.
• Thorstein Veblen and the Enrichment of Evolutionary Naturalism--helpful book review.

Booker T. Washington

Texts

• Up from Slavery; Up from Slavery (2)--e-texts

Biography/Study Aids

• Booker T. Washington and Character Education--his life and education ideas
• Up from Slavery essay--good analysis of key ideas and impact of Washington's writings

Scholarly Articles

• Booker T. Washington: The Trumpet of Conciliation--scroll down to the chapter on Washington in Norman Coombs' book The Black Experience in America (1972)
• The Civilizing Mission of Booker T. Washington --scholarly article.
• Booker T. Washington's 'The Man Farthest Down' and the Transformation of Race--scholarly article.

Edith Wharton

Texts

• Wharton Novels and Novellas online--links to many e-texts.
• Wharton Short Stories Online--links to many e-texts.

Biography/Study Aids

• Wharton biography-- photos/artwork of people/places in her world. See also "Estate and Gardens" and other links.
• Edith Wharton (Domestic Goddesses site)--biography
• Shopping for a Change--article on consumer themes & self-images in House of Mirth.

Scholarly Articles on House of Mirth

• Mimesis and Moral Agency in House of Mirth--scholarly article by Ouzgane.
• Refusal to tell: Withholding Heroines in Hawthorne, Wharton, and Coetzee--scholarly article, includes House of Mirth.
• Going No Place?: Foreground Nostalgia and Psychological Spaces in Wharton's The House of Mirth--scholarly article.
• The Art and Architecture of the Self: Designing the "I"-Witness in Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth--scholarly article.
• Manipulating the metaphors: 'The House of Mirth' and "the Volcanic Nether-side" of "Sexuality--scholarly article.
• Sea Aenemones and Rocks: Edith Wharton's House of Mirth in the Context of American Naturalism--scholarly article.
• The House of Mirth: Social Renovation Creates Social Disorder--scholarly article.
• Crowded spaes in House of Mirth--scholarly articles.
• The Treatment of Female Characters in Edith Wharton’s The House of Mirth in the Light of American Gender Theory and History in the Early Twentieth Century--scholarly article.
• Perverting Pride and Prejudice: Wharton's American Alternative to the Novel of Manners--scholarly article.
• Judith P. Saunders. Reading Edith Wharton Through a Darwinian Lens: Evolutionary Biology Issues in Her Fiction--helpful book review.
• Invisible Blackness in Edith Wharton's Old New York--scholarly article.
• Engendering Naturalism: Narrative Form and Commodity Spectacle in U.S. Naturalist Fiction--scholarly article.

Scholarly Articles on Other Fiction

• Forms of Ambivalence to "tabloid culture" in Edith Wharton's The Custom of the Country--scholarly article.
• The Law of Sex and Death: Religious Language and Practice in Edith Wharton's Summer--scholarly article.
• Wharton the 'Renovator': Twilight Sleep as Gothic Satire--scholarly article.
• Complicity in The Age of Innocence--scholarly article.
• Newland Archer: Advocate Idealist--detailed scholarly analysis of idealism in Age of Innocence
• Tragedy in Two Genders: 'The House of Mirth' & 'The Pledge'--review of the movie version of House of Mirth.
• Economic Hauntings: Wealth and Class in Edith Wharton's Ghost Stories--scholarly article.
• Drawing-Room Naturalism in Edith Wharton’s Early Short Stories--scholarly article.
• Ghostly Presences: Edith Wharton's 'Sanctuary' and the Issue of Maternal Sacrifice--scholarly article.
• Evolutionary Biological Issues in Edith Wharton's 'The Children'--scholarly article.

Constance Fenimore Woolson

Texts

• "Rodney the Keeper"--and other stories.
• Selections by Constance Fenimore Woolson --e-texts of five of her stories, including "Rodman the Keeper."
• Links--many links to many online Woolson stories published in 19th Century periodicals.

Biography

• Biography.
• Constance Fenimore Woolson--interesting take on Woolson's life and writing, especially "Miss Grief."

Scholarly Articles

• Keeping Memory: The Cemetery and Rhetorical Memory in Constance Fenimore Woolson's "Rodman the Keeper" --significant excerpt from a scholarly article.
• Constance Fenimore Woolson and Regional Humor--scholarly article.
• The Windings and Turnings of Fictitious Pathology: Reading Jupiter Lights as a Proto-Lesbian Novel--scholarly article.
• The Work of Mourning in Constance Fenimore Woolson's Fiction--scholarly article.
• East Angels: Woolson's Revision of James's Portrait of a Lady--scholarly article.
• Constance Fenimore Woolson and John Hay: Reconstruction through Poetry--scholarly article.

Zitkala-sa (Gertrude Simmons Bonnin)

Texts

• Impressions of an Indian Childhood; or Impressions of an Indian Childhood (2)--e-text
• The School Days of an Indian Girl; or School Days of an Indian Girl (2)--e-text
• An Indian Teacher among Indians; or An Indian Teacher Among Indians (2)--e-text
• The Trial Path [Illust.]--e-texts
• The Soft-Hearted Sioux [Illust.]--e-texts
• The Warrior 's Daughter --e-text
• Old Indian Legends--e-text
• Why I am a Pagan--e-text

Biography

• Zitkala-sa Biography; Zitkala-sa biography (2); Zitkala-sa biography (3)

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Updated: 10-24-12